Steel Works

Heat exchangers are extensively used in steel manufacturing for processes such as cooling, heating, and gas treatment. Fouling can occur due to the accumulation of particulate matter, scale, corrosion products, and deposits from process gases and liquids. Fouling reduces heat transfer efficiency, increases energy consumption, and requires more frequent cleaning and maintenance.

Cooling systems, including cooling towers and water-cooled equipment, are essential in steel production. Scaling can occur when dissolved minerals, such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, precipitate and deposit on heat exchange surfaces, piping, and nozzles. Scaling reduces cooling efficiency, restricts flow, increases pressure drops, and necessitates regular cleaning and descaling to maintain optimal operation.

During various steel production processes, such as hot rolling, scaling can occur on the surface of the steel itself. This scaling, known as mill scale, is primarily composed of iron oxides. Mill scale can hinder subsequent operations, such as coating or painting, and requires removal to ensure proper surface preparation.

Furnaces, including blast furnaces and electric arc furnaces, are integral to steel production. Fouling can occur on refractory linings, heat exchange surfaces, and gas passages due to the accumulation of dust, slag, and other impurities. Scaling can also occur due to the deposition of mineral-rich gases and molten material. Fouling and scaling in furnaces reduces efficiency, increased energy consumption, and requires additional maintenance and cleaning to prevent blockages and damage.

Steel plants require extensive water usage for cooling, quenching, and process requirements. Fouling and scaling can occur in water treatment systems, such as filters, pipes, and heat exchangers, due to suspended solids, corrosion products, and biological growth. Proper water treatment is crucial to minimise fouling and scaling, ensuring optimal system performance and preventing equipment damage.