Scaling occurs inside cooling towers because of dissolved minerals in the water, such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, and silica. These minerals precipitate and form solid deposits on the surfaces of cooling tower components. This reduces heat transfer efficiency by insulating the heat exchange surfaces and obstructing water flow. Scaling can lead to increased pressure drop, decreased cooling efficiency, higher energy consumption, and potential equipment failure.
Fouling in cooling towers refers to the deposition and accumulation of solids, organic matter, suspended particles, and biological growth on various surfaces within the tower, including the fill media, pipes, nozzles, and basins. Fouling reduces the heat transfer efficiency, airflow, and water distribution, leading to decreased cooling capacity, increased energy consumption, and potential equipment damage. It can also promote the growth of bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms, which can cause biological fouling and contribute to corrosion.
Scaling in cooling towers occur when dissolved minerals in the water, such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica, precipitate and form solid deposits on the surfaces of cooling tower components. Scaling reduces heat transfer efficiency by insulating the heat exchange surfaces and obstructing water flow. It can lead to increased pressure drop, decreased cooling efficiency, higher energy consumption, and potential equipment failure.
Factors contributing to fouling and scaling in cooling systems include:
The quality of the makeup water used in the cooling tower is a critical factor. Water containing high concentrations of dissolved minerals, suspended solids, organic matter, and bacteria promotes fouling and scaling.